Episode-1489-Listener Feedback for 12-22-14
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Join Me Today as I Answer Your eMails
Today on the Survival Podcast I take your emails on teaching children, the matrix, guns, education, technology, the military, politics and more.
Make sure if you submit content for a feedback show that you put something like “comment for jack”, “question for jack” or “article for jack” in the subject line to assure proper identification for my screening process.
Please understand I receive several hundred emails a day and can’t get them all on the air.
I also do put out a lot of information on Facebook from emails that I can’t fit on the program though so keep em coming.
Join Me Today As I Respond to Your Emails On
- Teaching one child a year about self reliance, more effective than voting?
- Chill the frick out about the “UN Small Arms Treaty”, seriously
- Libraries should they be saved, obsoleted or hybridized
- Should students in high school be treated like students in college
- Is there lighter fluid in your food, sort of, and the FDA is okay with it
- 16 signs that you are slave to the matrix
- Should a young person join/consider the military
- State mandated retirement 2.0 is here, Illinois goes first
- What is Jack’s “dream gun”
- 30 Years ago, Jackson Brown explained it all, has anything changed
- The view from outside the matrix and remembering when you were part of it
Resources for today’s show…
- Join the Members Brigade
- The Year 1489
- Join Our Forum
- Walking To Freedom
- TSP Gear
- PermaEthos.com
- AgriTrue.com
- GenForward on IndieGogo
- Knife Kits – (sponsor of the day)
- Backwoods Home – (sponsor of the day)
- Article on Libraries – Before Google, Who Knew
- Dealing with Fires Aftermath TSP Episode 757
- Give High School Students the Same Freedom as College Students
- Is there lighter fluid in your food, um yea likely!
- 16 Signs You are Connected to the Matrix
- Illinois Takes Over Private Pension Systems
- Lives in the Balance Music Video By Jackson Browne
This Monday’s Prepper Scenario
You are in a public building and someone starts shooting at people randomly. This is a public building that does not allow concealed carry and you have followed the law. How do you assess the threat, attempt to survive and help others (if you can) in this situation.
Last Monday’s Prepper Scenario
Your home has been destroyed by fire. Luckily no one was killed or even severely injured. Most anything of value in your home is ruined and/or gone. You are left with the clothes on your back, what you keep in your vehicles and any items that are in a DETACHED structure only. Describe now how you begin to put the pieces back together, how you deal with insurance, etc. If you keep documents, money, etc in a firebox or firesafe you can assume those survived.
Remember to comment, chime in and tell us your thoughts, this podcast is one man’s opinion, not a lecture or sermon. Also please enter our listener appreciation contest and help spread the word about our show. Also remember you can call in your questions and comments to 866-65-THINK (866-658-4465) and you might hear yourself on the air.
Also remember we have an expert council you can address your calls to. If you do this you should email me right after your call at jack at thesurvivalpodcast.com with expert council call in the subject line. In the body of your email tell me that you just called in a question for the council and what number you called in from. I will then give the call priority when I screen calls.
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Jack I really like your dream gun. I had a feeling it would be a good bolt action. Just guessing I was thinking it would be a Mauser 98 action 30-06. Maple stock. Full length 24″ barrel.
The next gun I want is a 6.5 x 55 in some bolt action. Ruger or Howa. How about a Browning BAR 338 mag. And I am wishing ruger will chamber a 17 win super mag in one of there ruger american rimfires.
Jack, libraries have already begun to hybridized. You can borrow E-books through most library systems. I would love to see the number of titles to increase, but it has been happening for at least the last several years.
Also if you like sci-fi you may like the show “The Librarians.” The premis is not so much all librarians are heroes, but this group of librarians find magic artifacts to keep them out of the evil guy’s hands, sort of like Indiana Jones.
On today’s prepper scenario: I will say that the exits out of a building are something I always keep an eye out for when I am in new locations. That is very useful in this scenario. I would find the closest cover for myself and my family, and try to make our way to the nearest exit. Getting my family out is first priority, if I can save others on the way of course I would do it.
frolicking in front of the cage is OK
taunting is not 😉
I like that!
Re: Are libraries obsolete? In their current form? Probably. They certainly don’t have to be run by the government. See this clip by John Stossel about a public library system that has been privatized (still uses govt money but does it more efficiently and is able to adapt to changing times better). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOOCJzvlQ-w
BTW, there are 3 libraries in the state of Texas that are run by this company in Leander, Red Oak and Farmer’s Branch (and 81 others around the country). I still think they have a place, but I’m biased, because I work in one!! But I think the unions and the bureaucracy don’t allow them to keep up with the needs of their patrons.
Libraries are changing. I’m a big audio book fan and could never afford my addiction without libraries, so I go all the time. Also library systems allow access to obscure books that Google still has not scanned and are insanely expensive to buy or at least insanely expensive to buy without test driving them first.
The most obvious change I’ve seen is offering free computer access. But library systems also are starting to add more lectures and some are adding hacker spaces and I think all of the above are useful additions. I’d like to see all libraries flesh out at least basic hacker stuff like having some Arduinos and Raspberry PIs available for people to try. Books are great but they will only take you so far.
Basically, I’d like to see libraries really continue what they have always done, feed alternative learning.
I’ve learned more in libraries than I ever did in school…and I’ve had a lot of school. Google has democratized and categorized the access to knowledge which takes over a lot of what libraries used to do, but there is a lot more knowledge that could be disseminated and I think libraries are the place that that niche was always filled before.
I totally agree. I think over nostalgia is a problem because you’re sacrificing somebody else’s nostalgia that hasn’t come into being by holding back a clearly outdated model. If the service provided value, you’d use it. To some it might provide value and they’ll develop their own nostalgia based on it. But if they can’t even bring enough people in to justify their own expenses it’s a waste of time and money.
I like Richard’s idea on this one. It should be less of a focus on “books” and more on how can we provide a public resource that facilitates, usable, and inciting common learning services. I think Richard found the essence of what the library is supposed to represent and that is the alternative learning space. I think entertainment is also wrapped up in that.
I think the techniques used via the internet for research are what they are and have created problems that didn’t exist before. Essentially now good information is becoming more difficult to get access to because the barrier of entry into the information space has been turned to zero flooding the space. The amount of auto-generated, copy paste info from websites is really breath taking. Especially since you now have robots crawling websites and generating “duplicate” websites based on their content. Stack Overflow is one in particular that this happens with.
Jack,
Why would you want a 338-06 over a 338 Federal?
For the sane reason any guy wants the gun he wants. Just because.
Partly because I just want it.
Partly due to principle, performance and because I reload.
To get the Federal as close as it is to the 338-06 special mixed powders are used. Re-loaders are not going to match factory velocities with the Federal.
Next if you are going to shoot a 338 with 180 grain bullets you might as well stick to fricken 30 caliber. All you do is shitbag your sectional density!
.338 at 180 SD = .225
.338 at 210 SD = .263
Sectional Density especially in a medium velocity round like standard medium bores are is one of the most important performance metrics. The sectional density of a 30 caliber bullet in .308 is .271 in other words to go to the 338 in lighter bullets is to sacrifice performance just to say the caliber is bigger.
The place where the .338 really shines is with 225 and 250 grain bullets. Well the Federals parent case being the 308 Winchester is too short for those longer pills.
Sectional Density of the 250 grain .338 is an astounding .313, it is a fricken DART.
Next it still has a great BC, ballistic coefficient of .431 vs. .400 of the 210 grain .338 bullets.
What this means is even though the 210 out of the Federal has a MV of about 2630 in a factory round, I can still push a 250 grain bullet with HIGHER Ballistic coefficients and a better sectional density out of the 338-06 at 2600+ feet.
Due to the higher BC and near matching MV (muzzle velocity) the 338-06 does what the Federal does with a 210 grain pill with one that weighs 40 grains more. This means the 338-06 will shoot just about as flat as the Federal out to 400 yards, hit harder when it gets there, penetrate better as well.
Oh the juicy part, the 338 Winchester Mag with the same 250 grain bullets only bests the 338-06 by get this 100 FPS. That is practically meaningless, it is to the Win Mag as the 308 is to the 06.
Except that the efficiency gain is more dramatic! To get 2700 FPS the Win mag needs 73.7 grains of Reloader 19 Powder and ONLY one powder will even get you there.
The 338-06 can hit 2600 FPS with an average of about 59 grains of powder and several different powders will do the job.
That is 14 grains less powder to pretty much equal the Win Mags performance. To put that in perspective the average 5.56 load is composed of about 24 grains of powder. Hot 22 hornets contain 9-10 grains of H110. A very hot .357 Mag load will hold about 18 grains of powder.
For all the talk of efficiency gain over the 06 the 308 only cuts the average powder charge by about 8 grains. 43% less of a gain grain for grain then the efficiency gain on the 338-06 over the Win Mag.
So that is the physics of why, the principle comes in here at the end, with the above being true, there is NO GOOD REASON for the 338 Federal to exist other that to market it to the unknowing and get articles published in gun magazines. A stock 308 or 30-06 with 180s is every bit the equal of the .338 Federal and arguably both would preform better on game. Going heavier a factory 30-06 with 220s blows away the performance of the Federal with 210s.
Again there is just no reason for this round to exist other than to make ammo cost you more.
The 338-06 is for now the greatest Medium Bore factory cartridge that never was. It is sad and to me it makes no damn sense.
And for more on all these numbers and what makes the .338 so damn special even moderately loaded at 2500 FPS, check out this old thread on the forum, http://thesurvivalpodcast.com/forum/index.php?topic=69.0
Jack,
You could pick yourself up a used savage 110 in 30-06 for 300 to 400 bucks ( maybe less), then from brownell’s order a replacement barrel kit in 338-06 for $200. With that and a barrel vise (which you can make yourself) you can do the swap yourself, and have your dream gun for under $600.
Jack, The “hero” librarians the guy was talking about is a TV serious on TNT; http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3663490/ I think it’s based on a made for tv movie. These people are called by this magical Library building to save history and ancient artifacts. If you like history and want to waste an hour check it out.
I kept seeing commercials for it while watching episodes of South Park online. If somebody else likes it, knock your socks off, but for me it sounds like the lamest tv show I have ever heard.
I watched it, and it *WAS* the lamest tv show I’d ever heard. It looked like it might be fun but… eh, no. Huge pile of cliches and forced humor seasoned with tensionless drama and dusted with unexciting action sequences.
I’ve kind of realized sometimes you have to “let your hair down” in order to find out what one naturally likes and can provide a building block from which you can orient your life to have more of that. Yesterday I was putting up another paddock gate through this stand of trees, and I just kinda took a minute to “smell the flowers” and realized I enjoy being in heavily wooded areas. I like interacting with the local fauna, shaping and opening up canopies and assisting in the management of the health and function of the overall system (along with just hanging out).
It’s those salient moments in your life when you get direction on how you can be “more free”. How do I get more of those experiences and allow those to overlap and replace the experiences I value the least?
You might be interested in a TED Talk I watched from Denis Dutton http://www.npr.org/2013/06/14/174726813/are-some-things-universally-beautiful.
He did a world wide survey to create a universally beautiful natural scene and came up with what I thought was interesting. All people love areas with water, some grass, evidence of animals and trees, and specifically trees with low branches and a path. This scene is loved even by people who have never been around such areas. The speaker proposed it is because there is a genetic memory handed down to you from before civilization that tells you of a time when these things were what you needed to survive. Access to water, evidence of game and trees with branches low enough that they could be used to climb to safety.
I have always felt this when being around such places, but never really thought about why. Now I want to build it even more.
Regarding the Illinois private/public pension system. I used to work for a major Wall St. firm as an analyst, so I might be able to add some insight.
Jack is intentionally making the numbers low, as he mentioned in the show. What he did not mention is how important the cumulative effect will be on the ability of whatever Wall St. firm(s), and the state to extract funds from the system: in other words, they are not just going to extract 3% once, and then work for free ever after. They will be taking 0.5-0.75% of the fund every quarter. But as people keep on putting more and more money into the system, that percentage will be more and more dollars. Also, Jack mentioned that’ll likely be Goldman Sachs that ends up with the contract, but not directly, it’ll be a subsidiary of a subsidiary of Goldman Sachs that’ll ultimately enrich Goldman Sachs. I disagree with that assessment, but we’ll see in time. They’ll want as little scrutiny as possible until it’s trusted by the people. When I worked with government organizations or large charities, they tended to want large firms that everyone knew the name of, and that way if something went wrong, it wasn’t their fault as the trustee, “it was (___ major Wall St. firm) to blame… they just trusted the wrong people, but they’ll fix it right away.” I would expect Illinois to open up the opportunity to any investment firm, on paper anyway, and then immediately eliminate it down to 3 or so major firms, that are major players in the “oligarchy,” and who came out of the bailout relatively unharmed PR wise. Like Goldman Sachs or JP Morgan, possibly Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, a name that’ll instantly give credibility to the new pension system in the eyes of many. But it’ll be structured in such a way that when something goes wrong, you can’t sue the firm directly, you have to sue some shell corporation that won’t have any funds in it.
Pan flute bands!
http://southpark.cc.com/clips/189012/theyre-everywhere
Jack concludes, in this and past episodes, that atheists are missing something because they don’t have anything spiritual in their lives. The definition of atheist is simply that we don’t find compelling evidence for a supernatural being. We find insufficient evidence for Zeus’ supernatural ability, as we find insufficient evidence for any god’s supernatural ability. Just as Christians are atheistic about all other gods but God/Jesus, we are atheistic about all other gods including God/Jesus.
Humans are naturally spiritual–we all love and wonder and are inspired. Usually, believers attribute their spirituality to their god, and atheists attribute our spirituality to a number of things which might be summed up as: Our nature as humans.
This post is clear definition of atheism, not the start of a religious debate.
I stand by my statements.
I understand why Jack avoids speaking about religion.
@USCPrepper,
Of course it is always amusing to watch an atheist try to tell a deist why they don’t believe in God. In the end every objection, rationalization, etc. will revolved around the image of God created by revealed religions. Of course the deist doesn’t believe in this created image of God, the deist simply believes in a creator, with the creation being more than sufficient evidence for that of a creator.
The disconnect lies with comments like, “I don’t see sufficient evidence for Zeus”, and that is a nice way of saying that he doesn’t see the evidence for any of the other named Gods of any faith, to whit I’d respond neither do I. Neither does any deist. We don’t believe in that either.
Deists don’t believe in Ra, Zeus, Jehovah, Allah, etc. We don’t contend that God is even necessarily an entity as a single thinking being in the way we understand that. We think God could simply be a singularity of consciousness that we are all part of. Some would call that pantheism but most that did would not be able to tell you the difference between pantheism and panentheism, sigh. http://forums.philosophyforums.com/threads/pantheism-vs-panentheism-55537.html
Of course most deists are highly scientific and therefore understand the “universe” isn’t even a well chosen word given uni means one.
Yes to the atheist the deist is likely difficult to comprehend or even define. Too many are simply willing to define a deist by the two sentences in most comparative religious courses when almost no deist would ever define themselves that way, or if they did it is sort of like saying a human is a being with two legs and two arms, true but if that is to be the totality is so inaccurate as to be unusable.
Now to really bend the brain of the atheists, if any atheist who chooses to state they are also spiritual were to really examine what they believe, they’d likely be closer to deism than atheism. In denying the existence of a creative consciousness the atheist doesn’t usually know what they are denying. In short I see atheism more as a rebellion against revealed religions and hocus pocus new age stuff, than anything else.
Deism is out right rejected because they lump it in with everything that it is not.
I will try to tread carefully here, but you called out, so I’d like to answer, as I am an atheist.
First before we get to that, I’d like to discuss terminology so we are not just jousting straw men and it gets to the core of the discussion.
What do you mean by spiritual? Steven claims he is an atheist and that “humans are naturally spiritual”, and Jack asks “atheist who chooses to state they are also spiritual”. These confuse me, as an atheist, I am not spiritual by any meaningful definition that I can find, but since it isn’t easy to define, I ask for your definitions. The most common definition has to do with gods, which is obviously out for an atheist. The next is an independent spirit or soul, so no there also. There could be some reference for the divine, but I don’t get that either.
So again, I have no interest in jousting a spirituality straw man, so please tell me what you mean and we can discuss how that may alter the conversation.
But onto Jack’s attempt to “bend my brain” which starts with asking to define a deist and that would be someone who believes that a consciousness took some part in the creation of the Universe/Multi-verse. Then how such a person can deny the existence of a “creative consciousness”. My response is why should I. Existence alone does not prove it or need it. We now understand the basics of the mechanism for the creation of all time and space. The supposition fails Occam’s razor. You have added complexity without providing a reason for the need for said complexity.
I became an agnostic because I rejected revealed religions, but I became an atheist because I found spirituality, as I generally see it defined, to be unfounded and unnecessary. I understand that this is a minority viewpoint and I’m not expecting to convert anyone, but if you claim I an misinformed then I believe it is fair to ask for corroborating evidence. Or maybe I am in a minority within a minority who deserves to claim the title of atheist.
In any case, Merry Christmas. Happy Holidays, Happy Hanukkah, Merry Kwanzaa, happy day off work and happy any other reason you can feel good today and this season.
It sounds like I’m a Deist too, or similar to it. I’m still working out my personal religious beliefs, and have a hard time defining everything that I believe that would be classified as spiritual, as I have found nothing that explains it all, and I have no tolerance for people that hide behind religion to take advantage of others.
Your definition of Deism seems to fit mostly with what I believe, as far as an initial creator, but seems to have no mention of the soul. But every time someone close to me has passed away, there is always something strange that takes place for a day or two prior to, and after the time of death, that really can’t be explained scientifically or spiritually without the mention of a soul. But why only a day or two? If the soul’s eternal, why wouldn’t it be months, years, millennia?
I personally feel that discussions like this are important for everyone to have, to think logically and critically about their own spiritual beliefs, and change them if need be, if they no longer fit with your understanding of the world. I once took a Comparative Religion course at my University, that supposedly would do that. But there, just like everywhere else, everyone just ends up being defensive, irrational, and angry so I tend to give up on the discussion before I even start.
Here are some thoughts on that subject, http://moderndeist.org/what-do-deists-think-happens-after-we-die
The more I listen to Jack’s libertarian stuff; the more I can now just listen to his Deism stuff(or most folks religious stuff) and say.
“That’s nice.”
and sip my beer.
It isn’t that I agree or not, it’s just I don’t care, and I don’t have to care about others beliefs that don’t affect me. THAT is very liberating.
Awesome! You sound like a deist by the way! LOL
Thanks for the song. How true. This song originally was done in the 80’s by my favorite band TOTO. Still one of their most popular songs. Hope you will enjoy. Keep up the good works.
Toto: Home of the Brave
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29qIeqyBgZk
“Home Of The Brave”
Everything’s gonna be alright boys
Help is on the way
Hold your head up high now
There’s no need to cry now
We’re not running anymore
Leave the politics behind boys
They’re not working anymore
There’s so much more at stake here
It’s make or break here
Haven’t we been here before
Tell me what we’re waiting for
You gotta remember
You don’t have to be afraid
You still have the freedom to learn
And say what you wanna say
You gotta remember
Don’t let ’em take away
The land we call the home of the brave
Who sings the song of the people
You don’t hear it anymore
I heard it late last summer
To the beat of a different drummer
It never sounded quite like this before
So you’re trying to shake this feeling
That trouble’s right outside the door
You lie awake each dark night
Like a time bomb wound up too tight
A storm in waiting just offshore
Tell me what we’re waiting for
You gotta remember
You don’t have to be afraid
You still have the freedom to learn
And say what you wanna say
You gotta remember
Don’t let ’em take away
The land we call the home of the brave
[Instrumental break]
You gotta remember
You don’t have to be afraid
You still have the freedom to learn
And say what you wanna say
You gotta remember
Don’t let ’em take away
The land we call the home of the brave
[repeats 2x]
Don’t let them take away America the
The average high school student lacks the maturity to be as free as a college student. Most college students can’t handle the freedom either. Probable greater than 20-25 % of freshman drop out in 1st year.
What is moderation period
Section Four Subset Five, apparently Mkdory lacks the maturity and discipline to deal with a comment not immediately appearing.
Frankly I have found that people whether children or adults tend to act with the maturity and discipline expected of them.
Oh and if 20-25% of freshman did drop out, that would leave graduation rates right where they are by the way.
Jack, I have a comment about the TBHQ segment from the show. First, let me say that I got hooked on TSP because of the permaculture and that I think you and the listener are 100% correct that TBHQ is probably some pretty nasty stuff that you don’t want to ingest. However, I just wanted to point out a red haring that I’ve heard pop up a few times over the years.
TBHQ I agree is bad but it’s not because of butyl and it’s not butane or anything like it just because it has the chemical compound butyl. I’ve heard a similar type reference on TSP (I think with glyphosate) that it’s one compound or molecule away from agent orange. Within chemistry one molecule can make a world of difference. Heck, just the positioning of a molecule or atom can make the difference of something be poisonous or good. Common table salt is a good example of this. It’s molecular makeup as we all know is NaCl. It contains chlorine. Chlorine is a major element in bleach (as in chlorine bleach) and is bad for you so salt must be bad for you. Or salt is only one atom away from hydrochloric acid (HCl) which can kill you (but is also found naturally in your gastric acids). As with TBHQ, butyl is found in nature as well and I guarantee you like it! It’s in the form of Isobutly acetate that is found naturally in raspberries and pears to name a few foods.
So again I completely 102% agree with the message and premise here. I just wanted to point out that logically from a chemical point that it’s not necessarily bad because of a single molecule or substance like butyl. It’s literally the whole compound or molecule and the situation it’s used that makes it a poison or not.
I was the one who brought that to Jack’s attention. The whole point is that tbhq is a toxic chemical. What it is related to is semantics. He was simply reading the article. The issue I found most disturbing is the item referenced in the article, sailor boy pilot bread, is an incredibly shelf stable item. I found references to it having no noticible loss of flavor or texture after 12 years, yet the manufacturer began adding tbhq not because they felt the pilot bread needed it, but because they got a contract from Nabisco to also produce things like Ritz crackers, and it is easier to not have 2 separate batches of oil.
Crap like this is why I have taken steps to remove as much processed food from my diet as possible (and lost 90lbs in the process)
trekker111, The link to the article that Jack has posted is not working now. Can you repost it here, please?
http://www.adn.com/article/20120310/what-did-manufacturer-do-my-pilot-bread
Jack you just about have me sold on the 338-06 !! You are such an enabler….
Um, you do realize that DDT in most countries was only banned for agricultural use, and can still be used to control disease carrying pests? It mostly isn’t, because we have more effective pesticides available and it’s generally ineffective against malaria carrying mosquito’s. And Silent Spring never called for the banning of DDT or any pesticide…
I don’t think it is that simple. I watched a full documentary about malaria in Africa and it was pretty clear that DDT wasn’t available for use.
I believe it was 2009 – 2010 when it was pulled from use in quite a few African nations, this article from 2009 seems to show the start of that, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ddt-use-to-combat-malaria/
I am no fan of DDT but I do believe many of the so called “more effective pesticides” of today are far less effective and far more dangerous for both man and environment.
My dream gun…a .357 Maximum over 16 gauge shotgun. I would even enjoy some engravings.
Cool factor would be mega high, the reality though is since they don’t make anything in 35 caliber or a 16 gauge and as far as I know never did either, you’d have to have the entire upper custom built, though it would absolutely be a one of a kind gun.
This would do everything your dream gun would and more though, http://www.gunsinternational.com/Savage-Model-24-V-Series-B-30-30-20-GA-.cfm?gun_id=100514958
Yeah the 30-30/20 ga pops up every once in a while and is out of my price range usually. And I have seen 2 different .357mag over 20 gauge on gunbroker, so they did make them, but it was $1300.
Oh its there now at $1300:
I would definitely “settle” for it.
http://www.gunbroker.com/Auction/ViewItem.aspx?Item=461760053
For a cool factor combo gun, there was a gun marketed in the 90s that was a 223/12ga, except the 223 part was a semi-auto that used AR-15 mags, and the 12ga was a pump with a tube magazine. One trigger. It had reliability issues, and didn’t last long, but is they could have made it work right, it would have been very cool. I found one on gunbroker a few months ago, and it was over 3 grand.
Libraries? We visit our local one weekly or bi-weekly. The kids bring home around 20 books(the limit) each, per trip.
Much of it is fiction, but I insist they bring two non fiction, either a how to, or history, whatever.
I think libraries evolve naturally, and we should help them to do this.
We have a code word that the family knows. My step daughter knows that if her mother or I use the word that the threat is real and that neither of us or her will ever use the word in jest. The person that says the code word is in charge. This is because the person that uses the code is the first to become aware of the threat. If you hear the code word you do not ask questions, like what’s wrong or what’s going on, you follow the lead and instruction of the one that initiated the code.